Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 翁

Modern (Beijing) reading: wēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔōŋ

Western Han Chinese: ʔōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwōŋ

Middle Chinese: ʔuŋ

English meaning : light feathers, down [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) старик, старец, старина; господин; 2) тесть; свекор; вежл. Ваш батюшка; 3) суффикс существительных (некоторых профессий или характеристики людей); 4) Вэн (фамилия)

Comments: The character is used more extensively (also since Han) for a homonymous word *ʔōŋ 'old man, father'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 124

Four-angle index: 3346

Vietnamese reading: ông

Character: 耆

Modern (Beijing) reading: qí

Preclassic Old Chinese: grij

Classic Old Chinese: grij

Western Han Chinese: grjǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: grǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: gij

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gij

Late Postclassic Chinese: gi

Middle Chinese: gi

English meaning : old, aged

Comments: For *g- cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou ki² (Chaozhou khi² is secondary).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0552 l

Character: 耘

Modern (Beijing) reading: yún

Preclassic Old Chinese: w(h)ǝn

Classic Old Chinese: w(h)ǝn

Western Han Chinese: w(h)ǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: w(h)ǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ɨn

Middle Chinese: ɦün

English meaning : to weed

Russian meaning[s]: полоть, выпалывать; прополка; окучивание

Radical: 127

Four-angle index: 8664

Karlgren code: 0460 e

Character: 耕

Modern (Beijing) reading: gēng

Preclassic Old Chinese: krēŋ

Classic Old Chinese: krēŋ

Western Han Chinese: krēŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kriēŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄ŋ

Middle Chinese: kạiŋ

English meaning : a plough

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пахать; обрабатывать землю; 2) трудиться; зарабатывать

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 127

Four-angle index: 2776

Karlgren code: 0808 a

Character: 耙

Modern (Beijing) reading: bà

Preclassic Old Chinese: prās

Classic Old Chinese: prāh

Western Han Chinese: prāh

Eastern Han Chinese: prǟh

Early Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: pạ̄̀

Middle Chinese: pạ̀

English meaning : harrow [LMC]

Russian meaning[s]: борона; боронить

Comments: The MC reading is taken from Cheng-zi-tong and is therefore not quite certain. It seems probable that the word is related to 杷 pá 'rake' q.v. and therefore a reconstruction like *brā-s may be more likely. A form like MC *bạ̀ is also suggested by Viet. colloquial bù'a, as well as Sino-Viet. bà.

Radical: 127

Four-angle index: 7131

Vietnamese reading: bù'a

Jianchuan Bai: pha4, pɛ7

Dali Bai: per7

Bijiang Bai: pa7

Character: 耗

Modern (Beijing) reading: hào

Preclassic Old Chinese: smāws

Classic Old Chinese: m̥āwh

Western Han Chinese: m̥āwh

Eastern Han Chinese: m̥āwh

Early Postclassic Chinese: hwā̀w

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hwā̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: hwā̀w

Middle Chinese: xầw

English meaning : to diminish, waste

Russian meaning[s]: 1) уменьшаться, пустеть; скудный, неурожайный; 2) тратить, расходовать; потреблять; опустошать, разорять; 3) амортизация; утруска, утечка; 4) затягивать (оттягивать) время; 5) слухи; новости, известия

Comments: In Hanshu there is also attested a reading *māw, MC mâw, Mand. máo 'to be exhausted, lost' (one of the words with negative *m-, thus a non-aspirated initial is probable) - which is obviously a basis for the derivate *s-māw-s (note that Sino-Viet. hao seems to reflect an unattested 平聲 *smāw, MC *xâw). The character 耗 is also sometimes used (since L.Chou) as a substitute of 眊 *m(h)āw 'bad eyesight'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 127

Four-angle index: 7214

Karlgren code: 1137 k

Vietnamese reading: hao

Character: 耽

Modern (Beijing) reading: dān

Preclassic Old Chinese: tǝ̄m

Classic Old Chinese: tǝ̄m

Western Han Chinese: tǝ̄m

Eastern Han Chinese: tǝ̄m

Early Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄m

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄m

Late Postclassic Chinese: tǝ̄m

Middle Chinese: tʌm

English meaning : to take pleasure; be sunk in, steeped in, rejoicing

Russian meaning[s]: 1) предаваться развлечениям; пристраститься к... (напр. к чему-л. плохому); отдаться (чему-л.); 2) откладывать; задерживать(ся); 3) древн. большие уши

Comments: = 658 l

Radical: 128

Four-angle index: 7565

Karlgren code: 0656 l

Shijing occurrences: 58.3_

Character: 耿

Modern (Beijing) reading: gěng

Preclassic Old Chinese: krēŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: krḗŋ

Western Han Chinese: krḗŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: kriḗŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄́ŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄́ŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄́ŋ

Middle Chinese: kạ́iŋ

English meaning : be brilliant; be wide awake

Russian meaning[s]: 1) твердый, прямой, непреклонный; 2) уяснить, понять; 3) свет; светлый; освещать, озарять; светиться; чистый, ясный; чистота; 4) печальный, скорбный; 5) беспокойный, тревожный, вм. 儆; 6) Гэн (древнее княжество); 7) Гэн (фамилия)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 128

Four-angle index: 5455

Karlgren code: 0809 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 26.1

Character: 胱

Modern (Beijing) reading: guang

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 脂

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhī

Preclassic Old Chinese: kij

Classic Old Chinese: kij

Western Han Chinese: kjǝj

Eastern Han Chinese: kjǝj

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjij

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjij

Late Postclassic Chinese: kji

Middle Chinese: ći

English meaning : fat, grease

Russian meaning[s]: 1) сало, жир; жирный; 2) помада; крем; румяна; 3) прекрасный

Comments: Attested already in Shijing, but absent in Schüssler's dictionary.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 1582

Karlgren code: 0552 g

Jianchuan Bai: ci4

Dali Bai: ci5

Bijiang Bai: čer4

Shijing occurrences: 39.3, 57.2_

Character: 胰

Modern (Beijing) reading: yí

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мыло; 2) филейная часть мяса; 3) поджелудочная железа

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 5117

Character: 脅

Modern (Beijing) reading: xié

Preclassic Old Chinese: hap

Classic Old Chinese: hap

Western Han Chinese: hap

Eastern Han Chinese: hap

Early Postclassic Chinese: hap

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hǝp

Late Postclassic Chinese: hǝp

Middle Chinese: xǝp

English meaning : sides (of the body); to attack, oppress

Russian meaning[s]: 1) бока; ребра; 2) пожимать плечами; 3) устрашать, угрожать; 4) собираться вместе, вм. 翕

Comments: The second meaning ('attack, oppress') is attested already in Shujing, but lacks in Schüssler's dictionary.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3555

Karlgren code: 0639 e

Vietnamese reading: hiếp

Character: 胭

Modern (Beijing) reading: yān

Russian meaning[s]: 1) горло, вм. 咽; 2) косметика; румяна

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 1864

Character: 胴

Modern (Beijing) reading: dong

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 脆

Modern (Beijing) reading: cuì

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćhots

Classic Old Chinese: chwać

Western Han Chinese: chwaś

Eastern Han Chinese: chjwaś

Early Postclassic Chinese: chjweś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: chjwèj

Late Postclassic Chinese: chjwèj

Middle Chinese: chjwèj

English meaning : brittle [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) хрупкий, ломкий; рассыпчатый; хрустящий; 2) легкий; 3) звонкий, звенящий; 4) надлежащий; как следует

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 7063

Karlgren code: 0296 c-d

Character: 胸

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiōng

Preclassic Old Chinese: sŋoŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ̥oŋ

Western Han Chinese: ŋ̥oŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ̥oŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: hoŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hoŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: hoŋ

Middle Chinese: xöuŋ

English meaning : breast, chest [L.Zhou]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) грудная клетка, грудь; 2) сокровенные мысли

Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is hung (in fact, Viet. hông 'hip, side, flank' may be a chance coincidence - because of the semantic difference).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 4303

Karlgren code: 1183 e-f

Vietnamese reading: hông

Character: 胳

Modern (Beijing) reading: gē

Preclassic Old Chinese: kāk

Classic Old Chinese: kāk

Western Han Chinese: kāk

Eastern Han Chinese: kāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: kāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: kāk

Middle Chinese: kâk

English meaning : armpit [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) рука (до кисти); 2) подмышка

Comments: Also used for OC *krāk, MC kạ̈ik 'hind-leg, haunch'.

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 1396

Karlgren code: 0766 d

Character: 脈

Modern (Beijing) reading: mài

Preclassic Old Chinese: mhrēk

Classic Old Chinese: mhrēk

Western Han Chinese: mhrēk

Eastern Han Chinese: mhriēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhiẹ̄k

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhiẹ̄k

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhiẹ̄k

Middle Chinese: mạik

English meaning : vein, duct [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) артерии, вены, кровеносные сосуды; 2) прожилки на листьях; линии; жилы (напр. в породе); 3) система (напр. горная)

Comments: For *mh- cf. Xiamen beʔ⁷, Meixian mak⁷. (The root means 'root' in Bai).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 5668

Karlgren code: 0848 a-b

Vietnamese reading: mạch

Jianchuan Bai: mi6

Dali Bai: mi6

Bijiang Bai: mer2

Character: 能

Modern (Beijing) reading: néng

Preclassic Old Chinese: nǝ̄

Classic Old Chinese: nǝ̄

Western Han Chinese: nǝ̄

Eastern Han Chinese: nǝ̄

Early Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄

Middle Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄

Late Postclassic Chinese: nǝ̄j

Middle Chinese: nʌŋ

English meaning : to be capable, have ability

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мочь, быть в состоянии; уметь; 2) способность, талант; компетентный; 3) энергия, сила; 4) приручать; 5) древн. медведь

Comments: Zhou rhymes point unambiguously to *nǝ̄, but the form with -ŋ is also archaic (cf. the external parallels). A regular MC reflex is attested in the FQ 奴來 *nʌj - cf. perhaps Viet. nô`i 'to be able (to do smth.)' (although the tone is not clear). For *n- cf. Min reflexes: Xiamen liŋ², Chaozhou leŋ², Fuzhou neŋ², Jianou naiŋ⁹.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 7025

Karlgren code: 0885 a-e

Vietnamese reading: năng

Shijing occurrences: 26.5, 29.1, 29.2, 29.3, 29.4, 33.3, 35.5, 54.2

Character: 脊

Modern (Beijing) reading: jǐ

Preclassic Old Chinese: cek (~ ć-)

Classic Old Chinese: cek

Western Han Chinese: cek

Eastern Han Chinese: cjek

Early Postclassic Chinese: cjek

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjek

Late Postclassic Chinese: cjek

English meaning : fundamental principle

Russian meaning[s]: 1) позвоночник; хребет; стреха крыши; 2) основа, суть

Comments: The original meaning is 'spine', attested only during Late Zhou; the character is used also in 脊令 name of a bird ('wagtail', Shijing), and during LZ as a loan for *ʒek ( ~ *ʒ́-) 'to trample, oppress'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 130

Four-angle index: 3556

Karlgren code: 0852 a